The Pap test, or Pap smear, is a screening test to check for changes in the cervix (the neck of the uterus) that may indicate cancer or a pre-cancerous condition. Since the introduction of the Pap test in the 1950's there has been a significant decline in the death rate from cervical cancer. With early detection, cervical abnormalities are easier to treat and cure.

During the Pap test, a small applicator or brush is used to collect a sample of secretions and cells from the cervix which are then placed on a glass slide and sent to a laboratory for examination. If any abnormalities are detected, further tests are performed to confirm the diagnosis. If the presence of abnormal cells is confirmed, these can be removed by a number of techniques including laser therapy.

The general recommendation is to have your first Pap test by the age of 18 or when you start to have sexual intercourse (whichever comes first). The test is typically performed once a year, or more frequently if you have certain risk factors. However, if you are at low risk for cervical cancer and have had several previously normal Pap smears, you may only need to have a Pap test every 2 to 3 years. You should discuss the appropriate frequency of testing for you with your family doctor.